Abstract
While global mean sea level rise (SLR) and acceleration (SLA) are indicators of climate change and are informative regarding the current state of the climate, assessments of regional and local SLR are essential for policy makers responding to, and preparing for, changes in sea level. In this work, three acceleration detection techniques are used to demonstrate the robust SLA in the China Seas. Interannual to multidecadal sea level variations (periods >2 years), which are mainly related to natural internal climate variability and significantly affect estimation of sea level acceleration, are removed with empirical mode decomposition (EMD) analysis prior to the acceleration determination. Consistent SLAs of 0.085 ± 0.020 mm·yr−2 (1950–2013) and 0.074 ± 0.032 mm·yr−2 (1959–2013) in regional tide gauge records are shown to result from the three applied approaches in the Bohai Sea (BS) and East China Sea (ECS), respectively. The SLAs can be detected in records as short as 20 years if long-term sea level variability is adequately removed. The spatial distribution of SLA derived from a sea level reconstruction shows significant SLA in the BS, Yellow Sea (YS) and Yangtze River Estuary.
Highlights
The Chinese coasts have been classified as one of the most vulnerable areas under climate change scenarios [1,2,3,4]
The accelerations are estimated for the Bohai Sea (BS), Yellow study, we explore the regional SLA based on tide gauge data, satellite altimetry data, and sea level
The SLA of 0.098 ̆ 0.031 mmyr2 is obtained in the BS in the period of 1959–2013, which tentatively demonstrates the impact of length of sea level records on local SLA estimation
Summary
The Chinese coasts have been classified as one of the most vulnerable areas under climate change scenarios [1,2,3,4]. The rates of sea level rise (SLR) exhibit a large spatial variability, ranging from to. Sea (BYECS, Figure 1a) experienced SLR rates of 4.44 mmyr1 , 2.34 mmyr and 3.02 mmyr , respectively, (without glacial isostatic adjustment correction, GIA) in the time span of 1993–2012 [6]. Understanding local and regional sea level variability in China Seas is fundamental for implementing appropriate adaptation and mitigation measures to local SLR along the “wealth-belt” of China and low-lying coastal communities River Estuary, [8,9,10]), which are facing an increase in the frequency of flooding [11], salty water intrusions [12], coastline erosion [13] and ecosystem changes [14].
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