Abstract
Collagen is the major fibrillar protein in most living organisms. Among the different types of collagen, type I collagen is the most abundant one in tissues of marine invertebrates. Due to the health-related risk factors and religious constraints, use of mammalian derived collagen has been limited. This triggers the search for alternative sources of collagen for both food and non-food applications. In this regard, numerous studies have been conducted on maximizing the utilization of seafood processing by-products and address the need for collagen. However, less attention has been given to marine invertebrates and their by-products. The present review has focused on identifying sea cucumber as a potential source of collagen and discusses the general scope of collagen extraction, isolation, characterization, and physicochemical properties along with opportunities and challenges for utilizing marine-derived collagen.
Highlights
During the past few decades, sea cucumbers and other marine invertebrates have been exploited for commercial use for food and health purposes
The present review provides some background information about collagen and explains its different sources including that from sea cucumber with emphasis on the extraction, isolation, purification, and characterization techniques mainly related to type I collagen
Collagen was comprised of 2 distinct subunits
Summary
During the past few decades, sea cucumbers and other marine invertebrates have been exploited for commercial use for food and health purposes. The most recent study on Cucumaria frondosa demonstrated that extractable collagen from its body wall is less than a fraction of one percent [18] This could be related to the feeding habit of Cucumaria frondosa that is associated with the phytoplankton, zooplankton, and other organic matter whereas other species feed on mud and dead particles on the sea floor. Apart from the food industry, collagens have been widely used in tissue engineering, pharmaceutical, and biomedical industries as well as various other fields, including cosmetics [20] For these applications, the quality and purity of collagen play a significant role. Use of collagen and its functional properties as well as challenges and future perspectives of utilizing collagen from sea cucumbers are discussed
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