Abstract
Past decades demonstrate an increasing interest in herbal remedies in the public eye, with as many as 80% of people worldwide using these remedies as healthcare products, including those for skin health. Sea buckthorn and its derived products (oil; alcoholic extracts), rich in flavonoids and essential fatty acids, are among these healthcare products. Specifically, sea buckthorn and its derivatives are reported to have antioxidant and antitumor activity in dysplastic skin cells. On the other hand, evidence suggests that the alteration of lipid metabolism is related to increased malignant behavior. Given the paradoxical involvement of lipids in health and disease, we investigated how sea-buckthorn seed oil, rich in long-chain fatty acids, modifies the proliferation of normal and dysplastic skin cells in basal conditions, as well as under ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation. Using real-time analysis of normal and dysplastic human keratinocytes, we showed that sea-buckthorn seed oil stimulated the proliferation of dysplastic cells, while it also impaired the ability of both normal and dysplastic cells to migrate over a denuded area. Furthermore, UVA exposure increased the expression of CD36/SR-B2, a long-chain fatty acid translocator that is related to the metastatic behavior of tumor cells.
Highlights
Past decades show an increasing interest in herbal remedies in the public eye, and almost 80% of the population worldwide is using them as healthcare products [1,2], in developing countries
Sea-buckthorn seeds and berries are rich in fatty acids (FA) [10], which constitute an important percentage of the sea-buckthorn seed oil [5]
Given the paradoxical involvement of FA in health and disease, we investigated whether sea-buckthorn seed oil has regenerative properties for skin cells, in basal conditions as well as under ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation, and if this effect is the same, regardless of the dysplastic nature of the cells
Summary
Past decades show an increasing interest in herbal remedies in the public eye, and almost 80% of the population worldwide is using them as healthcare products [1,2], in developing countries. Sea-buckthorn-derived alcoholic extracts and seed oil were tested for antioxidant, antitumor and regenerative properties [3,4]. Most of these properties are related to its complex structure, rich in flavonoids and essential fatty acids (FA) [5]. Antioxidant activity was suggested as a protectant against different types of irradiation (gamma irradiation [6], UVA and UVB [3]), and, sea-buckthorn oil treatment showed increased antioxidant protection in irradiated keratinocytes [3]. Antitumor activity of sea-buckthorn-derived products was mostly related to their phenolic compounds [7], mostly by inhibition of fatty acid synthase [8,9]. It is expected that various FA would contribute to the cellular effects reported in sea-buckthorn-oil-related studies, including effects on skin cells and in animal models
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