Abstract
This letter is on the multi-user massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) uplink with the mixed analog-to-digital converter (ADC) architecture and the zero-forcing (ZF) receiver at the base station (BS). Under imperfect channel state information (CSI), a closed-form approximation of the spectral efficiency (SE) is derived for a general resolution profile. Further, simplified SE results are provided for two common asymptotic massive MIMO scenarios. In the SE analysis, to overcome the difficulty induced by the mixed-ADC structure, new techniques are developed in calculating the average noise powers caused by the CSI error and the quantization.
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