SDS-PAGE Analyses and Electrophoretic Band Characterization of Three Cultivars of Grass Pea based on Seed Storage Proteins

Abstract

Background: Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is valued for its high dietary protein content, high degree of adaptability under extreme conditions, disease resistance and low input requirement for its cultivation. This species is represented by several sub-species and important varieties which are not well distinguishable by their morphological characters. The objective of present study was to determine the cultivar differences based on seed storage protein by using SDS-PAGE and to obtain information useful for a breeding program. Methods: Gel electrophoresis was carried out in the discontinuous buffer system in a vertical electrophoresis apparatus and electrophoretic data were documented by using a gel documentation system. Seed protein sub-fractions (albumins, globulins, glutelins and prolamins) from seeds were extracted and quantified. ODAP (β-N-oxalyl-L-a,β-diaminopropionoc acid) an undesirable and toxic non-protein amino acid (responsible for ‘neuro-lathyrism’ disease) content was estimated. Result: The differences among cultivars were observed and clearly identifiable from their protein banding patterns in view of in number of bands, position of the bands and molecular weight of the bands etc. Quantity of total protein and sub-fractions of protein (albumins, globulin, glutelins and prolamins) of seed storage proteins also showed the variation among the three cultivars. ODAP content estimated in three grass pea cultivars was found very low ranging which is highly desirable for cultivation.