Abstract
It emerges that a transcription program differentially regulates inhibitory inputs in distinct neuronal compartments — an unexpected coordinated switch for achieving experience-dependent 'plasticity' in neural circuits. See Letter p.121 Individual neurons distinguish synaptic inputs received at their soma and dendrites, but how behaviour may affect their balance has been unclear. Now Michael Greenberg and colleagues show that mouse hippocampus neurons respond to sensory enrichment with increased levels of the transcription factor NPAS4 and its target-gene product, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which then promotes inhibitory synapses on the cell body while destabilizing those on dendrites. Thus individual neurons respond to sensory stimulation by redrawing the map of their inhibitory inputs, restricting their somatic output while promoting plasticity at their dendrites.
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