Abstract
This article describes the events and phenomena that could lead to grid blackouts. The Iranian national grid experienced major system blackouts in 2001 and 2002. It was decided to study and analyze these system collapses, and a brief report about these disturbances is provided. Some suggestions and solutions are also given that could decrease the chance of system collapse after occurrence of a major fault. Upgrading existing protective systems to meet network protection criteria, eliminating some insecure protective functions, revising power swing blocking schemes, wider use of pilot protective schemes, applying adaptive relays and schemes and revising system relay settings are among the solutions suggested to improve the system performance during abnormal events and conditions
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