Abstract
The fully printable carbon triple-mesoscopic perovskite solar cell (C-PSC) has already demonstrated good efficiency and long-term stability, opening the possibility of lab-to-fab transition. Modules based on C-PSC architecture have been reported and, at present, are achieved through the accurate registration of each of the patterned layers using screen-printing. Modules based on this approach were reported with geometric fill factor (g-FF) as high as 70%. Another approach to create the interconnects, the so-called scribing method, was reported to achieve more than 90% g-FF for architectures based on evaporated metal contacts, i.e., without a carbon counter electrode. Here, for the first time, we adopt the scribing method to selectively remove materials within a C-PSC. This approach allowed a deep and selective scribe to open an aperture from the transparent electrode through all the layers, including the blocking layer, enabling a direct contact between the electrodes in the interconnects. In this work, a systematic study of the interconnection area between cells is discussed, showing the key role of the FTO/carbon contact. Furthermore, a module on 10 × 10 cm2 substrate with the optimised design showing efficiency over 10% is also demonstrated.
Highlights
Since the pioneering publication of Miyasaka and co-workers in 2009 [1], the solution-processable halide-based materials with ABX3 composition have become the “perovskite” par excellence in the photovoltaic (PV) research field [2,3]
Much higher geometric fill factor (g-fill factor (FF)) is for M1max, i.e., 83.3%, but the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is not as high as M2max and
The results showed that a critical element in achieving appropriate interconnects is the contact resistance at the FTO/carbon interface
Summary
Since the pioneering publication of Miyasaka and co-workers in 2009 [1], the solution-processable halide-based materials with ABX3 composition have become the “perovskite” par excellence in the photovoltaic (PV) research field [2,3]. The carbon perovskite solar cell (C-PSC), proposed for the first time by Han and co-workers in 2013 [4], is perhaps the most likely to achieve market penetration in the near term [5]: it is fully printable, hole-transport material (HTM)-free, noble-metal free, and has demonstrable stability of over one year under continuous illumination [6,7]. The device is typically constructed on a conductive glass substrate (F:SnO2 , FTO), where following the deposition of a compact titania layer (bLayer), three mesoporous layers are applied in sequence—titania (mTiO2 ), zirconia (mZrO2 ) and carbon, respectively. This is all achieved using a low-cost screen-printing method. The highest reported PCE (power conversion efficiency) for such an architecture with mZrO2 and AVA-MAPI is around 15% [11]
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