Screening wheat genotypes for high callus induction and regeneration capability from anther and immature embryo cultures

Abstract

Plant regeneration via tissue culture varies with the genotype and is an important factor in establishing cell selection and genetic transformation systems. To select genotypes – especially Japanese ones – with a high regeneration capability, we screened 107 wheat genotypes (78 domestic, 29 foreign) for callus induction and regeneration capability from anther and immature embryo cultures. For anther culture, 83 of 107 genotypes tested induced calli and 45 regenerated plants. Only 9 genotypes, however, produced green plants, 25 produced only albino plants, and 11 produced both green and albino plants. Glennson 81 was the highest in callus induction, followed by Orofen, Danchi–komugi and Chris. The genotypes with a relatively high regeneration capability were Framala 80 at 24% and Glennson 81 at 19%, these two genotypes produced only green plants. For immature embryo culture, 97 genotypes showed a 90% callus induction rate and 74 genotypes regenerated plants. Very few genotypes produced albino plants. The genotypes with a high regeneration capability were Genaro 81 at 90%, Chinese Spring at 80%, and Norin 75 at 75%.