Screening Vitis Genotypes for Responses to Botrytis cinerea and Evaluation of Antioxidant Enzymes, Reactive Oxygen Species and Jasmonic Acid in Resistant and Susceptible Hosts.

Mati Rahman,Bilal Ahmad,Xiping Wang,Muhammad Hanif,Xiaoqing Hou,Ran Wan

doi:10.3390/molecules24010005

Abstract

Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungal phytopathogen with devastating effects on many Vitis genotypes. Here, a screening of 81 Vitis genotypes for leaf resistance to B. cinerea revealed two highly resistant (HR), twelve resistant (R), twenty-five susceptible (S) and forty-two highly susceptible (HS) genotypes. We focused on the HR genotype, ‘Zi Qiu’ (Vitis davidii), and the HS genotype ‘Riesling’ (V. vinifera), to elucidate mechanisms of host resistance and susceptibility against B. cinerea, using detached leaf assays. These involved a comparison of fungal growth, reactive oxygen species (ROS) responses, jasmonic acid (JA) levels, and changes in the anti-oxidative system between the two genotypes after inoculation with B. cinerea. Our results indicated that the high-level resistance of ‘Zi Qiu’ can be attributed to insignificant fungal development, low ROS production, timely elevation of anti-oxidative functions, and high JA levels. Moreover, severe fungal infection of ‘Riesling’ and sustained ROS production coincided with relatively unchanged anti-oxidative activity, as well as low JA levels. This study provides insights into B. cinerea infection in grape, which can be valuable for breeders by providing information for selecting suitable germplasm with enhanced disease resistance.

Highlights

IntroductionBotrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungal phytopathogen that causes devastating gray mold disease in more than 200 dicotyledonous plant hosts, as well as some monocotyledonous species
Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungal phytopathogen that causes devastating gray mold disease in more than 200 dicotyledonous plant hosts, as well as some monocotyledonous species.This polyphagous pathogen is the second most prevalent phytopathogen responsible for pre-and postharvest decay and fruit quality deterioration in greenhouses, open fields, and during storage, including cold storage (0–10 ◦ C) [1]
In this study we investigated the responses of different Vitis genotypes i.e., eleven (V. vinifera × V. labrusca), 65 (V. vinifera), three (V. vinifera L × V. amurensis genotypes), one (V. amurensis), and one clone of (Vitis davidii) to B. cinerea infection

Summary

Introduction

Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungal phytopathogen that causes devastating gray mold disease in more than 200 dicotyledonous plant hosts, as well as some monocotyledonous species This polyphagous pathogen is the second most prevalent phytopathogen responsible for pre-and postharvest decay and fruit quality deterioration in greenhouses, open fields, and during storage, including cold storage (0–10 ◦ C) [1]. The traditional control of B. cinerea includes strong fungicide treatments during the seasonal crop cycle, and current strategies for control of Botrytis bunch rot rely on a combination of canopy management and fungicide usage Physical methods, such as the use of fruit zone leaf removal, shoot positioning, and timely training and pruning can reduce disease severity, but these techniques are expensive, laborious, and less effective than fungicides [3,4]. The most commonly cultivated species, V. vinifera, lacks resistance to many diseases, and the degree of susceptibility varies between cultivars and depends on environmental conditions [9,10]

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