Screening the nematicidal potential of indigenous medicinal plant extracts against Meloidogyne incognita under lab. and greenhouse conditions

Hosny Kesba,Al-Sayed Al-Sayed,Samy Sayed,Abdullah Abdel-Rahman

doi:10.1186/s41938-021-00429-y

Hosny Kesba, Al-Sayed Al-Sayed + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-021-00429-y

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Abstract

BackgroundThe root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, causes a high damage and yield decrease for many economic plants. The need for non-systemic effective new approaches and environmentally friendly methods for controlling the nematodes has directed research to some new and safe agrochemicals found in medicinal plants as new viable management options.ResultsIn laboratory experiments, solidago and periwinkle aqueous and ethanolic extracts achieved high J2 mortality (%) concerning different dilutions; however, aqueous extracts were more effective for mortality than ethanolic extracts. Also, there was a direct relationship between the nematicidal activity of these extracts with both concentration and time of application. Inhibition of egg hatching by Periwinkle extracts was higher than that of solidago. Moreover, the nematicidal activity of tested extracts against J2 decreased significantly with prolonged storage time at + 5 °C, while did not with stored frozen at – 5 °C for 12 months. Periwinkle and solidago extracts killed the non-target organisms, i.e., rotifers and free-living nematodes. Seventy-five and 90% of total phytochemicals recovered from periwinkle and solidago, respectively were nematostatic or nematicidal to nematode viability, egg hatch in vitro, and development and reproduction in vivo despite the method of application (foliar and soil drench). The antagonistic effects of solidago were more pronounced in soil drench than periwinkle concerning their concentrations and methods of application.ConclusionSolidago and periwinkle plant extracts showed important sources of effective control phytochemicals against M. incognita.

Highlights

The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, causes a high damage and yield decrease for many economic plants
Extracts from Nicotiana tabacum, Syzygium aromaticum, Piper betle, and Acorus calamus were found more effective in killing M. incognita, with an EC50 which was 5–10 times lower than the EC50 of the synthetic pesticides, Kesba et al Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control (2021) 31:81 chlorpyrifos, carbosulfan, and deltamethrin (Taniwiryono et al 2009)
The nematicidal effect of plant extracts could be higher than synthetic nematicides

Summary

Introduction

The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, causes a high damage and yield decrease for many economic plants. Botanicals can be used in in vitro and in vivo by different ways as one of the nonchemical approach strategies to manage and reduce plant-parasitic nematodes, especially in sustainable agriculture (Bridge 1996) by using their parts directly, their extracts, and compounds that possessing nematicidal activities, oilseed cakes, mature. A lot of plant extracts showed high ovicidal and nematicidal effects on egg hatching and J2 survival of the root-knot nematode (RKN), M. incognita. In vivo, (under greenhouse or field conditions) application of plant extracts reduced infection of RKN nematode and caused crop yield increase. These extracts were more effective than the nematicides used or in the same order or slightly less. The nematicidal effects of dried parts and boiled extract of Bidenspilosa were bioactive when re-evaluated on phytoparasitic nematodes after storing up to 12–18 months (Taba et al 2012)

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