Abstract
Inner Mongolian Cashmere goat is an excellent local breed selected for the dual-purpose of cashmere and meat. There are three lines of Inner Mongolian Cashmere goat: Erlangshan, Alashan and Aerbasi. Cashmere is a kind of precious textile raw material with a high price. Cashmere is derived from secondary hair follicle (SHF), while hair is derived from primary hair follicle (PHF). The growth cycle of SHF of cashmere goat is 1 year, and it can be divided into three different stages: anagen, catagen and telogen. In this study, we tried to find some important influence factors of SHF growth cycle in skin tissue from Inner Mongolian Cashmere goats by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Three female Aerbasi Inner Mongolian Cashmere goats (2 years old) were used as experimental samples in this study. Skin samples were collected in September (anagen), December (catagen) and March (telogen) at dorsal side from cashmere goats. Results showed that over 511 396 044 raw reads and 487 729 890 clean reads were obtained from sequence data. In total, 51 different expression genes (DEGs) including 29 downregulated genes and 22 upregulated genes were enriched in anagen–catagen comparing group. The 443 DEGs contained 117 downregulated genes and 326 upregulated genes that were enriched in catagen–telogen comparing group. In telogen–anagen comparing group, 779 DEGs were enriched including 582 downregulated genes and 197 upregulated genes. The result of gene ontology (GO) annotation showed that DEGs are in different growth cycle periods, and enriched GO items are mostly related to the transformation of cell and protein. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment result indicated that metabolic process has a great impact on SHF growth cycle. Based on the results of a comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed genes, GO enrichment and KEGG enrichment, we found that FGF5, FGFR1 and RRAS had an effect on the hair follicle growth cycle. The results of this study may provide a theoretical basis for further research on the growth and development of SHF in Inner Mongolian Cashmere goats.
Highlights
China is the largest cashmere producer in the world, with the output of cashmere accounting for about 50 % of the world’s total production
Cashmere is derived from secondary hair follicle (SHF) of cashmere goat, while hair is derived from primary hair follicle (PHF)
Together with different expression genes (DEGs), gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis data, we identified three genes including fibroblast growth factor 5(FGF5), fibroblast growth factor receptor 1(FGFR1) and RAS related (RRAS), which may be related to hair follicle growth and development in MAPK signaling pathway and verified their expression level by qRT-PCR
Summary
China is the largest cashmere producer in the world, with the output of cashmere accounting for about 50 % of the world’s total production. The production of cashmere in Inner Mongolia accounts for about 40 % of the total output of the whole country. Owing to the excellent quality, cashmere from Inner Mongolian Cashmere goats is very expensive and competitive in the textile industry. Inner Mongolian Cashmere goat is a local breed that provides both cashmere and meat, which can be divided into three lines: Erlangshan, Alashan and Aerbasi. These goats live tenaciously in semiarid steppe of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Because of the harsh living environment, the fiber diameter of cashmere is usually less than 16 μm, which can keep a body warm in cold winter
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