Abstract
Small anionic liposomes containing 6-carboxyfluorescein (6-CF) caused both cytoplasm and endocytotic vacuoles to fluoresce; inhibitors of endocytosis (2-deoxyglucose and sodium azide) prevented vacuoles but not cytoplasm from fluorescing. With small and large cationic liposomes, fluorescence was seen only in vacuoles and this was prevented by the two inhibitors of endocytosis. Both small fluid anionic and small solid cationic liposomes containing diphtheria toxin fragment A (DTA) killed almost all cells in a population of HeLa cells; in contrast, large cationic liposomes containing DTA killed only 25% of treated HeLa cells. DTA is thus superior to 6-CF as a marker molecule for assessing the efficiency with which liposomes deliver their contents to the cytoplasm of cells.
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