Screening the Coulomb interaction and thermalization of Anderson insulators

Abstract

Long range interactions are relevant for a wide range of phenomena in physics where they often present a challenge to theory. In condensed matter, the interplay of Coulomb interaction and disorder remains largely an unsolved problem. In two dimensional films the long-range part of the Coulomb interaction may be screened by a nearby metallic overlay. This technique is employed in this work to present experimental evidence for its effectiveness in limiting the spatial range of the Coulomb interaction. We use this approach to study the effects of the long-range Coulomb interaction on the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of electron-glasses using amorphous indium-oxide films. The results demonstrate that electronic relaxation times, extending over thousands of seconds, do not hinge on the long-range Coulomb interaction nor on the presence of a real gap in the density of states. Rather, they emphasize the dominant role played by disorder in controlling the slow thermalization processes of Anderson insulators taken far from equilibrium.