Abstract
Plants are a rich source of antibiotics, but screening all the existing plant species for biological activity using current methods can be time and resource consuming. The present study is to investigate whether powdered plant materials would perform as well as plant extracts in the screening of plants with antimicrobial activity. In the new method proposed (STAMP), we compared in vitro antimicrobial activity of powdered plant materials from 12 species against bacteria and fungi. We confirmed these results with their corresponding aqueous (wet) and hydro-alcoholic extracts and one species testing the antimicrobial activity of two isolated compounds. Compared with hydro-alcoholic extracts, screening using the powdered plant materials correctly identified the majority of the species with antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans (sensitivity 91%, specificity 86%), C. parapsilosis (sensitivity 100%, specificity 67%), and Staphylococcus aureus (sensitivity 64%, specificity 86%). For bacteria, the method performed better in a pH of 9.0. The antimicrobial activity of two compounds isolated from one species (maytenin and netzahualcoyone) confirmed the results. In conclusion, the use of powdered plant materials for screening plants with antimicrobial properties is a cheap, widely available, technically easy, time sparing, reproducible, and sensitive method and can significantly shorten the time and money spent during drug development.
Highlights
Infections by multi-drug resistant (MDR) microorganisms are increasing [1], and the number of fully active antibiotic options currently available to treat these infections is extremely limited [2]
Several dry powdered plant materials were effective against S. aureus, namely P. angulata, R. leuconeura (5R2, 5R3, and 5R4), C. regium, P. campestris, and E. punicifolia
None of the wet powdered plant materials was effective against S. aureus, except for P. campestris
Summary
Infections by multi-drug resistant (MDR) microorganisms are increasing [1], and the number of fully active antibiotic options currently available to treat these infections is extremely limited [2]. According to Coates et al, [5] the major problem nowadays is that no matter how potent a new antimicrobial compound is, its therapeutic effective-. It is evident that the pipeline for the development of new, effective antibiotics with activity against MDR organisms looks grim [6]. Soon we may have no medications available in our therapeutic arsenal to treat these highly resistant microbes. This current state of urgency motivated some authors to investigate an innovative approach for inhibition of MDR microorganisms: herbal extracts [2]. A number of in vitro studies have shown antimicrobial activity of herbal extracts, and several clinical trials have been performed to date [7]
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