Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a promising strategy in the treatment of cancer, especially advanced types. However, not all patients are responsive to immune checkpoint inhibitors. The response rate depends on the immune microenvironment, tumor mutational burden (TMB), expression level of immune checkpoint proteins, and molecular subtypes of cancers. Along with the Cancer Genome Project, various open access databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus, provide large volumes of data, which allow researchers to explore responsive or resistant biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we introduced some methodologies on database selection, biomarker screening, current progress of immune checkpoint blockade in solid tumor treatment, possible mechanisms of drug resistance, strategies of overcoming resistance, and indications for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
Highlights
Immune checkpoint inhibitors show promising anticancer activity in solid tumors
The response rate depends on the immune microenvironment, tumor mutational burden, certain immune regulatory molecules expressed in tumor cells, and molecular subtypes of cancers
Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors significantly extends patient survival depending on the tumor type [2]
Summary
Immune checkpoint inhibitors show promising anticancer activity in solid tumors. They can notably prolong patient survival, especially in advanced cancers. Keywords immune checkpoint blockade; sensitivity; resistance; data mining Immune checkpoint inhibitors show promising anticancer activity in solid tumors. In clinical practice, not all cancers are responsive to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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