Abstract
AbstractCattle embryos were produced through oocyte collection and maturation and in vitro fertilization and used for toxicity studies. Swainsonine (from Astragalus or Oxytropis), isocupressic acid (from Pinus, Juniperus communis or Cupressus macrocarpa) and Veratrum alkaloids (from V. californicum) at different concentrations were supplemented into the culture media of the embryos, after which cleavage and embryonic development was evaluated and embryo transfer was conducted. It was shown that swainsonine did not significantly affect the development and viability of preimplantation embryos. Blastocysts were transferred to recipients, pregnancy progressed normally and the resulting calves were also normal, which produced normal offspring of their own. Isocupressic acid did not inhibit embryonic growth and development but enhanced oocyte/embryonic development in vitro. Veratrum alkaloids significantly inhibited embryonic development during the late preimplantation stage.
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