Screening plants producing antifungal compounds against phytopathogenic fungi of Aspergilus niger, Cladosporium sp., and Fusarium solani

Abstract

Andila PS, Wibawa IPAH. 2018. Screening plants producing antifungal compounds against phytopathogenic fungi of Aspergilus niger, Cladosporium sp., and Fusarium solani. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 4: 69-75. The discovery of bio-fungicides research topic that is widely studied considering the greater negative impact of chemical fungicide use on environment and health. The fungicide compound is contained in the plant extract in the form of secondary metabolite compound. Eka Karya Bali Botanic Gardens has thousands of plant collections originating from the eastern part of Indonesia which has potential as bio-fungicides. The purpose of this study was to examine the antifungal activity of selected plant methanolic extract collection of the Botanic Gardens against plant pathogenic, namely Aspergilus niger, Cladosporium sp., and Fusarium solani. The plant active compound was obtained by maceration method using methanol solvent, and evaporated using Vaccum Roraty Evaporator. Anti-fungal activity was performed by the KirbyBauer disc diffusion method. Each treatment is repeated three times. Methanol and aquades serve as negative controls. The results showed that methanolic extract of some plants have antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi, Aspergilus niger, Cladosporium sp., and Fusarium solani; among others rhizome Alpinia galanga, leaves and rhizome Acorus calamus, and leaves Piper aduncum. Cymbophogon winterianus leaf extract has antifungal activity against A. niger and Cladosporium sp. but not on F. solani. Leaf extract from several other plants, namely leaves of Boenninghausenia albiflora, leaves of Costus sp., leaves and stems of Alpinia sp., stems of Cymbophogon winterianus, leaves of Agave sp.1, Agave sp.2, and Homalomena sp. are known to contain no antifungal compounds. Based on the research, there are a number of plants that have antifungal properties against plant pathogenic fungi so that it could potentially as a bio-fungicide agent.