Abstract
Natural deep eutectic solvent (NaDES) is generally considered as a greener alternative to fossil solvent, with great potential in various areas. In the present work, 25 different NaDESs were screened for the extraction of puerarin (PUE) and its two natural derivatives from Radix Pueraria (RP). As the main isoflavone in RP, PUE has a wide range of biological activities. However, its application is restricted due to its poor solubility in water and low oral bioavailability. In this study, the extraction of PUE with NaDESs showed significant advantages compared with traditional solvents. While using L-Pro-Maa (L-proline-malic acid) under optimal conditions, the optimized yields of PUE, 3-MPR and PRX were 98.7 mg/g, 16.3 mg/g and 9.9 mg/g, respectively, which were 2.2-, 2.9- and 3.4-fold higher than that of water. Furthermore, the oral bioavailability of PUE in NaDES extracts was comparatively investigated in rats with HPLC-MS technique. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that the relative bioavailability of PUE in L-Pro-Maa extract is 323%. The result indicated that NaDES is not only a sustainable ionic liquid with higher extraction efficiency, but also an enhancer of oral bioavailability of specific natural products.
Highlights
Accepted: 26 January 2021The development of novel green solvents is one of the hot spots in green and sustainable chemistry [1]
Natural deep eutectic solvent (NaDES) enhanced the bioavailability of berberine [25], hydroxysafflower yellow A and Accumulating research has indicated that NaDESs have broader functions other t anhydrosafflor yellow B [12], we investigated the in vivo pharmacokinetics of NaDES
NaDES has been proved as an efficient extraction media for natural products with low toxicity and environmental friendliness
Summary
The development of novel green solvents is one of the hot spots in green and sustainable chemistry [1]. NaDESs have been recognized as a novel class of sustainable solvents and widely applied in analytical [6] and biomedical [7] research. NaDESs have been intensively used in the extraction of various natural bioactive compounds to produce functional herbal products [8,9,10]. Studies have revealed that NaDES can perform as a better extraction solvent, and an enhancer of other important functions. The oral bioavailabilities of hydroxysafflor yellow A and anhydrosafflor yellow B were greatly improved in the NaDES media [12]
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