Abstract
In the present study, the microstructure, mechanical property, castability, corrosion behavior and in vitro cytocompatibility of binary Ti–2X alloys with various alloying elements, including Ag, Bi, Ga, Ge, Hf, In, Mo, Nb, Sn and Zr, were systematically investigated, in order to assess their potential applications in dental field. The experimental results showed that all binary Ti‒2X alloys consisted entirely α–Ti phase. The tensile strength and microhardness of Ti were improved by adding alloying elements. The castability of Ti was significantly improved by separately adding 2 wt.% Bi, Ga, Hf, Mo, Nb, Sn and Zr. The corrosion resistance of Ti in both normal artificial saliva solution (AS) and extreme artificial saliva solution (ASFL, AS with 0.2 wt.% NaF and 0.3 wt.% lactic acid) has been improved by separately adding alloying elements. In addition, the extracts of studied Ti‒2X alloys produced no significant deleterious effect to both fibroblasts L929 cells and osteoblast-like MG63 cells, indicating a good in vitro cytocompatibility, at the same level as pure Ti. The combination of enhanced mechanical properties, castability, corrosion behavior, and in vitro cytocompatibility make the developed Ti‒2X alloys have great potential for future stomatological applications.
Highlights
It can be noticed that all the Ti‒2X alloys, as well as pure Ti, exhibited a single αphase with hexagonal close packed crystal structure
It is obvious that pure Ti exhibited a typical as-cast microstructure with serrated, irregular grain boundaries, indicating a rapid cooling happened during the casting process
The microstructure of Ti‒2X alloys were mainly manifested as columnar grains and/or equiaxial grains, which depending on the different kinds of alloying elements added
Summary
High-melting-point rare metals such as Mo, Nb, Hf, Zr and Ta are used to enhance the strength and wear resistance of Ti alloys[14,15,16,17]. The fusible metals such as Sn, Ge, In, Ga and Bi are focused on reducing the casting difficulty of Ti alloys[18,19,20,21,22]. As the eligible dental materials, the alloys are expected to have adequate mechanical property, good castability, superior corrosion resistance and excellent biocompatibility simultaneously
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