Abstract
During the previous few decades, it has been seen that there is a rapid emergence of pathogens resistant to multiple antibiotics. This has now become a global crisis. Some unexplored or less explored plants also provide some antibacterial, bactericidal and antioxidant properties. The antibacterial, bactericidal effects of extracted essential oils (EEOs) of Thunbergia coccinea, Acacia polyacantha, Polygonum micrpcephallum, Abies spectabilis and Clerodendrum colebrookianum was tested in comparison with standard antibiotics. The methods chosen were disc diffusion and deduction of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by microbroth dilution assays of the EEOs against the bacterial strains.The antioxidant activity was found out utilizing DPPH free radical scavenging assay, MDA, Hydrogen peroxide radical inhibition assay and Superoxide radical inhibition assay (O 2 -). Some commonly used standard antibiotics (metronidazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, rifampicin, clindamycin and oxacillin,) were utilized to compare the EEO antibacterial action. Clerodendrum colebrookianum (85.17 ± 3.06 µg MDA/g extract) had a reasonable MDA. Acacia polyacantha in MIC had values of 3.86 ± 0.25 to 6.20 ± 0.16. Polygonum micrpcephallum had excessive H2O2 (48.27 ± 2.4 5%). The antibacterial actions determined by the paper disc‑diffusion technique of the EEO extracted from these plants showed that most had some antibacterial actions. Also, it was seen that the bactericidal action of the EEO extracted from E. alba was most potent against S. pyogenes (4.06 ± 0.15). The extract of the plant at varying concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 and100 mg/mL) demonstrated noteworthy (P< 0.001) anthelmintic action in an effective change when the dose was adjusted. In conclusion, most of the tested plants contain a medicinal value, which can be utilized in the future to supplement artificial medicines and cure emerging diseases that create havoc for mankind.
Highlights
The majority of the plants utilized for medicinal value are indigenous and unknown to the world of phytochemicals
MDA content for Clerodendrum colebrookianum was 85.17 ± 3.06 μg MDA/g extract. In this parameter; the highest value was found in the extract of C. colebrookianum (85.17 ± 3.06 μg MDA/g extract) and the lowest value was recorded in the Abies spectabilis (43.15 ± 3.19 μg MDA/g extract)(Fig. 1 and 2)
The physicochemical constituents; pharmacological and medicinal uses were extensively reviewed in this study
Summary
The majority of the plants utilized for medicinal value are indigenous and unknown to the world of phytochemicals. It has been seen that the majority of wild comestible plant products have a therapeutic property and can be utilized to heal customary afflictions; these are effortlessly accessible; inexpensive and outstanding originators of nutrients like essential minerals; proteins; iron; other secondary metabolites and carbohydrates. Systematic utilization of these plant products produces an unconventional origin of medicines [6, 7]. It is common to name is Changalota; Nilakontho or Nil-lata It is mainly utilized for the treatment of sterility and infections of the stomach in folk medicine [3, 10, 11]. This has become a global crisis [12]
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