Abstract
BackgroundThe use of plant-based formulations is an easy and economical method to control insect pests. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate ovicidal and larvicidal potential of ethanolic leaf extracts of four plants, Cyathocline purpurea, Blumea lacera, Neanotis lancifolia, and Neanotis montholonii, and their effects on gut histology of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae. We identified the phytochemicals present in the ethanolic extracts of these plants by LC-MS analysis. The eggs and larvae of A. aegypti were exposed to four concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg/mL) of crude ethanol extracts for different time durations. We observed egg hatching for 48 h, mortality, and gut histology of the 3rd instar larvae after 24, 48, and 72 h of treatments.ResultsLC-MS analysis revealed the presence of various active compounds such as alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids in the ethanol extracts of all these plants. The extracts of all plants showed ovicidal activity. The extracts of C. purpurea showed the highest larvicidal activity (LC50 at 72 h = 0.088 mg/mL) followed by B. lacera (LC50 at 72 h = 0.758 mg/mL) while N. lancifolia and N. montholonii extracts did not show significant larvicidal activity. All plant extracts affected gut morphology in concentration and treatment duration-dependent manner. The plant extracts used in the present study have ovicidal properties and affected the gut histology of A. aegypti larvae.ConclusionThese results suggest that C. purpurea has the highest larvicidal activity against A. aegypti larvae and can be further evaluated for application purposes.
Highlights
The use of plant-based formulations is an easy and economical method to control insect pests
Plants samples of C. purpurea, B. lacera, N. lancifolia, and N. montholonii were collected from Bhimashankar (19° 4′ 19.09′′ N, 73° 32′ 8.5′′ E), Savitribai Phule Pune University campus (18° 32′ 53.9′′ N, 73° 49′ 28.9′′ E), Bamnoli (17° 50′ 48.4′′ N, 73° 52′ 49.7′′ E) and Vani, Nashik (19° 59′ 50.8344′′ N, 73° 47′ 23.2908′′ E), respectively
LC-MS analysis and identification of compounds Preliminary analysis revealed the presence of phytochemicals of diverse chemical nature in the leaf extracts of all plants (Supplementary data)
Summary
The use of plant-based formulations is an easy and economical method to control insect pests. Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) is a vector of many viral diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever which are the reason for millions of deaths worldwide and serious health problems (Christophers, 1960; Chapman, 2012; World Health Organization, 2017; Bonica et al, 2019; Kraemer et al, 2019) Despite their economic importance, there are no proper treatments or preventive measures available for Torawane et al The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology (2021) 82:36 animals (Després, David, and Gallet, 2007; Ignacimuthu and David, 2009). Many plant-based extracts/compounds induce changes in morphology, physiology, biochemical processes, and behavior of different life stages of mosquitoes suggesting their importance in controlling mosquito population (Al-Mehmadi and AlKhalaf, 2010; Gupta et al, 2011; Lija-Escaline et al, 2015; Yu, Wong, Ahmad, and Jantan, 2015)
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