Screening of Prediabetic Patients by using HbA1c in District Narowal Pakistan

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of prediabetes is on the rise globally, with lifestyle factors and obesity being key contributors to the development of the condition. Studies have consistently shown a link between higher Body Mass Index (BMI) and an increased risk of progressing from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of prediabetes and its association with BMI and lifestyle factors in District Narowal, Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 participants from District Narowal. HbA1c levels were measured to classify participants into non-diabetic (4-7%), prediabetic (7-10%), and diabetic (10-13% and 13-16%) groups. BMI was calculated for each participant to assess weight status. Lifestyle factors were evaluated using a standardized questionnaire. Statistical analyses included the independent t-test for mean comparison and standard deviation assessment, with a significance level set at P < 0.05. Results: Out of 200 participants, 81 (40.5%) were non-diabetic, 60 (30%) were prediabetic, and 16 (8%) were classified as diabetic. The mean HbA1c levels for non-diabetic, prediabetic, and diabetic individuals were 5.7%, 8.5%, and 14.5%, respectively. BMI assessment revealed that higher HbA1c levels were associated with higher BMI, and lifestyle analysis indicated a high consumption of ultra-processed foods among prediabetic individuals. Conclusion: The study found a notable prevalence of prediabetes in District Narowal, with a significant association between higher BMI and poor dietary habits with elevated HbA1c levels. These findings suggest the necessity of public health strategies focusing on weight management, nutritional education, and lifestyle modification to prevent the progression of prediabetes to T2DM.