Screening of parameters and optimization for green recovery of anionic dye by nanoparticle-ionic liquid-based green emulsion liquid membrane using response surface methodology

Abstract

An anionic dye, Procion Blue MX- R (PB MX-R) dye was recovered from aqueous feed solution utilizing green emulsion liquid membrane (GELM) technique. GELM was comprised of Rice Bran Oil, (1‑butyl‑3-methylimidazolium chloride) ionic liquid, (ZnO) nanoparticles, Span 80 as surfactant, and NaOH in the internal phase. Plackett-Burman Design was used to examine eleven operating parameters influencing recovery of PB MX-R dye. Further, operating conditions of thus obtained significant parameters for PB MX-R dye recovery by GELM were optimized and maximum recovery was predicted upon utilizing Box-Behnken Design. Under obtained optimized conditions for significant parameters, including PB MX-R dye concentration - 45 ppm, contact time - 12 min, agitation speed - 498.6 rpm, nanoparticle concentration - 0.06 (%, w/v), carrier concentration - 0.9 (%, v/v), and NaOH concentration - 0.095 N, confirmation experiments had validated the elimination of 98.71 ± 0.95 % for PB MX-R dye which was in close agreement with that of predicted one (99 %). Thereupon reusability of membrane phase constituents for reformulation of GELM after demulsification of dye enriched GELM for multiple-time recovery of PB MX-R dye was investigated. The study has confirmed that hence formulated GELM did not diminish and effectively eliminated PB MX-R dye until fifth cycle.