Abstract
Food-derived bioactive peptides are of great interest to science and industry due to evolving drivers of food product innovation, including health and wellness. This study aims to draw attention through a critical study on how bioinformatics analysis is employed in the identification of bioactive peptides in the laboratory. An in silico analysis (PeptideRanker, BIOPEP, AHTpin, and mAHTPred) of a list of peptides from goat casein hydrolysate was performed to predict which sequences could potentially be bioactive. To validate the predictions, the in vitro antihypertensive potential of the five peptides with the highest potential was first measured. Then, for three of these, gastrointestinal digestion was simulated in vitro, followed by the analysis of the resulting ACE inhibitory activity as well as antioxidant capacity. We thus observed that the use of new computational biology technologies to predict peptide sequences is an important research tool, but they should not be used alone and complementarity with various in vitro and in vivo assays is essential.
Highlights
Peptide discovery, especially from different sources of food proteins, has an important interest in potential advancements in biology, chemistry, pharmacology, medicine, biotechnology, and the food industry [1,2]
External enzymatic hydrolysis is the most common method for the generation of bioactive peptides; the fermentation method has been considerably relevant to products such as milk [1]
Following the BIOPEP analysis, we focused the analysis more on angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, for which we resorted to other novel tools of increasing use in predicting potentially antihypertensive peptides, AHTpin [10] and mAHTPred [11]
Summary
Especially from different sources of food proteins, has an important interest in potential advancements in biology, chemistry, pharmacology, medicine, biotechnology, and the food industry [1,2]. Peptides (with lengths ranging from 2 to 50 amino acids) have crucial roles as antimicrobials, growth factors, hormones, biological messengers, and neurotransmitters [2]. Peptides can exert several bioactivities such as antiangiogenic, antibacterial, anticancer, anti-fungal, and others [2,3]. There are three different approaches for peptide generation: the action of proteolytic microorganisms, the digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract, and the external hydrolysis with proteolytic enzymes [3,4]. External enzymatic hydrolysis is the most common method for the generation of bioactive peptides; the fermentation method has been considerably relevant to products such as milk [1]
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