Abstract
Fly is one of the vectors of foodborne pathogenic vectors and causes myiasis in humans and animals. To prevent the contamination of food and myiasis, various chemical products are commonly used. However, eco-friendly is now a trend all over the world so natural products are the alternative ways to reduce the chemical residue in the environment. The present study was screened the 12 natural products in 4 groups; the essential oil plants, the alkaloid plants, the cyanogenic plant, and the inorganic compounds which use a simple extraction on the fly repelling and larvicide. The fly repelling efficacy with 2 criteria consist of the time of the first swarm and percent repelling (PR) in the first 15 min. The larvicidal efficacy was determined by the mortality rate within 24 h. The Kaffir lime peels aqueous crude extract exhibited the best result on fly repelling from both criteria with no significant difference. The bamboo shoots aqueous crude extract gave the best result on larvicide with significantly different from other groups (P < 0.001) which was faster than the positive control group (Coumaphos & Propoxur). Moreover, the high mortality rate reached 73.33 ± 15.28% within 24 h, higher than the positive control group. The present study indicates the power of common natural products on fly repellent and larvicide that may apply for fly repellant to reduce the food contamination especially fresh materials and prevention or treatment of animal and human myiasis in rural areas
Highlights
Fly is a major vector cause of microbial pathogens contaminated food and human and animal myiasis in worldwide especially underdeveloped and developing countries (Sukontason et al, 2007; Chansang et al, 2010; Blazar et al, 2011; Thomas et al, 2013; Onyido et al, 2014)
The fly repelling efficacy was observed in 2 periods; the 0 and 15 min using the 2 criteria, time of first swarm and percent repellent, and observation of larvae at 48 h post cultivation for confirming the stability of natural products, summarized in Figure 2 and Table 2
Most of the fly is metallic fly, the early fly swarm was observed in bamboo shoots and acacia leaves groups within 5-sec subsequence to cha-om, betel leaves, red lime, Coumaphos & Propoxur, kaffir lime leaves, hoary basil, betel nut, tobacco, yanang leaves, distilled water, and slake lime within 60 sec and the late swarm was observed in kaffir lime peels group with the first swarm more than 5 min which was the best efficacy of fly repellant the efficacy was reduced which may from the smelling reduction
Summary
Fly is a major vector cause of microbial pathogens contaminated food and human and animal myiasis in worldwide especially underdeveloped and developing countries (Sukontason et al, 2007; Chansang et al, 2010; Blazar et al, 2011; Thomas et al, 2013; Onyido et al, 2014). Myiasis cases can cause economic loss in animal husbandries like reducing milk yield, hide quality, weight loss, and infertility (Rahman et al, 2009; Francesconi and Lupi, 2012). In humans, myiasis is most commonly found in the very old, the very young, or others who are unable or unwilling to maintain wound cleanliness as patients with abundant suppuration, low vision, or mental illness (Anderson and Huitson, 2004; Francesconi and Lupi, 2017)
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