Screening of fatty acids, saccharides, and phytochemicals in Jatropha curcas seed kernel as their trimethylsilyl derivatives using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Abstract

Jatropha curcas is a multipurpose plant, of which the seed kernel oil (up to 60% content) has been exploited for BDF production. In this report, we explored the various kinds of minor compounds of saccharides, phytochemicals, fatty acids (FAs), and amino acids in the seed kernel using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) as their trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives. The homogenized seed kernels were extracted with methanol, and the extract was distributed into ethyl acetate/water phase. The components of each layer were derivatized with N, O-bis (trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) and their TMS derivatives were screened by GC/MS analysis. In ethyl acetate layer, the four FAs of palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and stearic acid were identified with total content of 12 wt% in kernel. In addition, the two tocochromanols of γ-tocopherol and γ-tocotrienol, and three phytosterols of campesterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol were also identified. Meanwhile, as the main saccharide components, di-saccharide of sucrose with content of 3 wt% in kernel, tri-saccharide of raffinose, and sugar alcohol of sorbitol and myo-inositol, were identified in aqueous layer. Furthermore, metabolites of amino acid, and a series of metabolite were also identified. These results suggested that the Jatropha curcas seed kernel can be applied to cascade use for metallic soap, liquid fuel, food and medical supplement, and cosmetics in addition to biodiesel production.