Abstract
International Journal of Medicine and Public Health,2014,4,2,167-170.DOI:10.4103/2230-8598.133123Published:january/2014Type:Original ArticleScreening of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in general population on world kidney day on three consecutive years: A single day dataPradeep Kumar Rai, Pawan Kumar Jindal, Punam Rai, Pramod Kumar Rai, and Sachindra Nat Rai Pradeep Kumar Rai1, Pawan Kumar Jindal2, Punam Rai3, Pramod Kumar Rai4, Sachindra Nat Rai5 1Consultant Nephrologist, Department of Nephrology, 2Consultant Urologist, Department of Urology, 3Consultant Gynaecologist, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 4Consustant Surgeon, Department of Surgery, 5Consustant Pediatric Surgeon, Department of Pediatric Surgery, OPAL Hospital, Kakarmatta, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India Abstract:Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized as a global public health problem. There is now convincing evidence that CKD can be detected using simple laboratory tests, and that treatment can prevent or delay complications of decreased kidney function, slow the progression of kidney disease and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Currently, screening for CKD is accepted practice only in patients with hypertension or diabetes, but more widespread screening is increasingly proposed. We screened a sample of population on World Kidney Day on three consecutive years for detecting patients with CKD and to describe the natural course of the disease. Materials and Methods: Everyone aged ≥18 was invited to participate. The study population was general population from Varanasi were screened in OPAL hospital. The survey comprised an extensive questionnaire and a brief clinical examination, including analysis of serum creatinine concentration in all participants. We screened all the participants who had at least one risk factor for CKD (including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or a family history of CKD). Urine dipstick tests were done and blood sample was obtained to detect proteinuria and measure serum creatinine concentration, respectively. Results: A total of 547 participants were enrolled of which all 547 subjects were included in the analyses. The mean serum creatinine was 0.9525 mg/dL (0.900 to 1.0050). A high serum creatinine level was demonstrated in 16 participants (2.92 %), and 191 (34.91 %) were demonstrated to have proteinuria. There was a signifi cant correlation between CKD and age, DM, urine protein and serum creatinine. There was no signifi cant correlation between serum creatinine level and urinary protein excretion (P = .001). There were no signifi cant differences between CKD and gender. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that increasing age, diabetes mellitus, Serum creatinine and urinary protein were found signifi cantly related to kidney disease with P value of 0.02, 0.0006, <0.0001, 0.0002, respectively, which means that there is a chance for the aged, diabetes patients and patients with elevated serum creatinine and urine protein to suffer with kidney disease with respect to the younger subjec Keywords:Age, chronic kidney disease, DiabetesView:PDF (746.96 KB)
Highlights
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) and its precursor chronic kidney disease (CKD) are emerging public health problems because of their associated adverse clinical outcomes, poor quality of life and high healthcare costs
A total of 547 participants were enrolled of which all 547 subjects were included in the analyses
The study demonstrates that increasing age, diabetes mellitus, Serum creatinine and urinary protein were found significantly related to kidney disease with P value of 0.02, 0.0006,
Summary
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) and its precursor chronic kidney disease (CKD) are emerging public health problems because of their associated adverse clinical outcomes, poor quality of life and high healthcare costs. Given that CKD (defined as glomerular filtration rate below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) is often not detected until it is advanced, screening programs using blood or urine tests have been recommended.[1,2,3] One strategy to address CKD is to identify the disease early through screening programs. One could screen the whole population to detect as many cases as possible. Screening for CKD is accepted practice only in patients with hypertension or diabetes, but more widespread screening is increasingly proposed. Screening programs may promote public awareness and education, encourage physician adherence to clinical practice guidelines and serve as medical outreach to underserved populations
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