Abstract
With the discovery of combinatorial chemistry, high-throughput screening, chemical genetics, chemoinformatics and gene expression profiling, huge number of synthetic compound libraries have generated and the pace of discovery and screening of pesticides has dramatically escalated significantly and have become modern tools in the burgeoning field of agrochemicals. Today, automated procedures allow more than 5 lakhs of compounds to be screened per year under in-vivo high-throughput screening, which is invaluable in the search for new leads. Natural products from microbes and plants offer a broad array of lead molecules with great diversity in their structures and biological activity. Screening methods for active constituents include bioassay-guided isolation, fractionation-driven bioassay, isolate and assay, and with increasing exploitation of lead based biochemical combinatorial chemistry approaches. The contribution of biorational design is continuously rising to identify novel mode of action in the discovery process. These developments will prompt the agricultural chemists to take a new look at the way chemistry was traditionally done in the laboratory. The objective of this review article is to elaborate different screening procedure for development of new pesticides.
Highlights
Extracts of plant products having pesticidal components have been used to different degrees over the years which is often not in a systematic way
Modern in Vitro High Throughput Screening instruments are used where more than 100 plates per day for a single point enzymatic assay can be performed with 15-minute reaction time [6]
If the robots discover that a sample has the desired biological effect, it goes through further stages of isolation before being tested for its suitability as a possible pesticide
Summary
Extracts of plant products having pesticidal components have been used to different degrees over the years which is often not in a systematic way. Progress in crop protection by chemical has been extraordinary over the last decades, in the invention of new and selective active ingredients and in the assessment of the behavior of these chemicals in the environment. We are certainly once again at the beginning of a new technological development for the protection of our traditional crops as well as in the creation of novel foodstuffs. Novel different biotechnological methods to achieve general goals are increasingly becoming available and in future these may become of greater importance, and the pure chemical technology of crop protection in agriculture is complementing or replacing [1]. Chemical crop protection will try to continue to play a major role in agriculture of the emergence of new novel biotechnological solutions
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