Abstract
Introduction and Aim: Essential oils have been used from ancient times to treat different gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial-related infections. The study aims to screen the antibacterial, anti-quorum sensing activity of origanum oil against the common infection causing gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.
 
 Material andMethods: The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and antibacterial activity of origanum oil against the eight bacterial species, namely, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella enterica, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumonia, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis, was assessed by broth-dilution method and well diffusion method. The anti-quorum sensing activity was analyzed using bioreporter strain CV026 at sub-MIC concentrations, while the cytotoxicity of the origanum oil was analyzed using the SW480 cell line.
 
 Results: The oil's antibacterial activity was analyzed by measuring the clear inhibitory zone diameter, and maximum inhibitory zone of 36.66 mm zone against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and 33.33 mm against Salmonella enterica (Gram-negative) of origanum oil was measured. And the minimum inhibitory zone of 16.66 mm zone of Enterococcus faecalis (Gram-positive) and 19.66 mm against Klebsiella pneumoniae (Gram-negative) of oil was noted. And the lowest MIC (0.1 mg/ml) of oilwas found against Streptococcus pneumonia. The oil significantly inhibited the violacein pigment production (30.29 %) at 0.02 mg/ml concentration (this oil concentration did not significantly affect the growth curve). The in vitro cytotoxicity assay shows that the oil inhibited the SW480 cells growth with increasing concentration.
 
 Conclusion: The origanum oil possesses antibacterial and anti-quorum sensing activity and can be used as an alternative for treating tested bacterial infection.
Highlights
Introduction and AimEssential oils have been used from ancient times to treat different gram-positive and gramnegative bacterial-related infections
The antibacterial activities of the origanum oil against four common Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella enterica, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and four-Gram positive bacteria including Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and cytotoxicity, and antiquorum activity were investigated in this research study
Bacteria including both Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella enterica, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecalis) are among the common bacteria which are responsible for causing various human infection including respiratory tract infections, bacillary dysentery, shigellosis and many other severe diseases [12,13,14]
Summary
Introduction and AimEssential oils have been used from ancient times to treat different gram-positive and gramnegative bacterial-related infections. EOs are aromatic liquids extracted from different parts of the plant, including flowers, fruits, leaves, seeds, roots, barks, and herbs by several techniques, such as solvent extraction, water distillation, supercritical fluid extraction, and steam distillation [4]. These EOs contain various secondary metabolites, which play a crucial role in hindering bacterial growth [5]. Different compounds such as γ-terpinene, p-cymene, and carvacrol were present In this regard, the antibacterial activities of the origanum oil against four common Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella enterica, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and four-Gram positive bacteria including Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and cytotoxicity, and antiquorum activity were investigated in this research study
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