Abstract
Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is an emerging constraint in amaranth production in Benin. Host resistance is the most sustainable disease control measure. Ten amaranth varieties including A2002, Bresil (B) -Sel, Madiira 2, AC-NL, GARE ES13-7, Madiira 1, UG-AMES13-2, AM-NKGN, IP-5-Sel and a local variety from Benin were screened for resistance to bacterial wilt. The study was conducted in a screen house and in the naturally contaminated open field during a consecutive rainy and dry season using a randomized complete block design with four and three replications, respectively. In the screen house, plants were inoculated by drenching a 40 mL of bacterial suspension containing 108 CFU/mL of R. solanacearum strain NCBI 5 GenBank N° MH397250 at the collar region. The bacterial wilt incidence (BWI) and the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) suggested differential reactions of amaranth varieties to the pathogen. BWI and AUDPC were low for UG-AMES13-2, moderate for Madiira 2, AM-NKGN and the local variety and very high for A2002, Bresil (B) -Sel, AC-NL, GARE ES13-7, Madiira 1 and IP-5-Sel. The World Vegetable Center’s UG-AMES13-2 can be considered as first choice, which is resistant to R. solanacearum, and should be scaled up for seed production towards supporting farmers.
Highlights
The Republic of Benin is experiencing a progressive demographic growth especially in urban areas
area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was high for IP-5Sel, GARE ES13-7, Bresil (B)-Sel, AC-NL, Madiira 1 and A2002, moderately high for the varieties Madiira 2, AM-NKGN Benin-local-variety and low for UG-AMES13-2 (Table 3)
Our results are similar to that of Techawongstien et al [24], who reported that bacterial wilt was more severe in the dry season for tomato plants cultivated on contaminated soils than in the rainy season
Summary
The Republic of Benin is experiencing a progressive demographic growth especially in urban areas. Many vegetable production sites are being created in periurban areas to meet the growing demand as a complement to supply from rural production zones [2,3]. These emerging production sites are important and provide vegetables to urban areas, and help meet their food preferences and demand [4,5]. Food security and poverty alleviation programs promote indigenous and exotic vegetables. These vegetables are of great importance in daily diets.
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