Abstract
Purpose: This research was aimed to screen and identify multifunctional phosphorus-dissolving bacteria of a Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation and study its phosphorus-dissolving characteristics in order to provide strain resources and a theoretical basis for developing the appropriate bacterial fertilizer of a Chinese fir plantation. Methods: First, phosphorus-dissolving bacteria were isolated from the woodland soil of a Chinese fir plantation by Pikovskava inorganic phosphorus medium (PVK). Then, some growth-promoting indicators of primary screening strains were determined, including the capacity of phosphorus-solubilized, nitrogenase activity, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity, production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), secretion of iron carrier and so on. Finally, the screening multifunctional phosphorus-dissolving bacteria were identified, which were combined with colony characteristics, physiological and biochemical tests and molecular biotechnology. Results: (1) Thirteen phosphorus-dissolving bacteria were isolated and screened in total, and P5 (195.61 mg·L−1) had the strongest capacity of phosphorus-solubilized. Five phosphorus-dissolving bacteria were provided with nitrogenase activity, and the highest activity of nitrogenase was P10 and P5 (71.90 C2H4 nmol·mL−1·h−1 and 71.00 C2H4 nmol·mL−1·h−1, respectively). Four strains were provided with ACC deaminase activity, and the highest activity of ACC deaminase was P5 and P9, (0.74 μmol·mg−1·h−1 and 0.54 μmol·mg−1·h−1, respectively). Most strains could secrete IAA, and three strains of bacteria had a strong secretory ability, which could secrete IAA with a concentration greater than 15 mg·mL−1, and P5 was 18.00, P2 was 17.30, P6 was 15.59 (mg·mL−1). P5 produced carriers of iron better than others, and the ratio of the diameter of the iron production carrier ring to the diameter of the colony was 1.80, respectively, which was significantly higher than other strains. Combining all kinds of factors, P5 multifunctional phosphorus-dissolving bacteria were screened for eventual further study. (2) Strain P5 was identified as Burkholderia ubonensis, based on the colony characteristics, physiological and biochemical tests, 16SrDNA sequence analysis and phylogenetic tree construction. Conclusion: P5 has a variety of high-efficiency growth-promoting capabilities, and the ability to produce IAA, ACC deaminase activity and siderophore performance are significantly higher than other strains, which had great potential in the development of microbial fertilizer.
Highlights
As one of the important components in the forest soil ecosystem, soil microorganisms play an important role in nutrient conversion and improvement of nutrient utilization [1,2]
P5 has a variety of high-efficiency growth-promoting capabilities, and the ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), ACC deaminase activity and siderophore performance are significantly higher than other strains, which had great potential in the development of microbial fertilizer
The production cost of bio-fertilizer made from multifunctional growth-promoting bacteria is low. It cannot only increase the content of available phosphorus in the soil, promote plant growth and improve saline–alkali land and soil structure, which is of great significance for maintaining the balance of the ecological environment
Summary
As one of the important components in the forest soil ecosystem, soil microorganisms play an important role in nutrient conversion and improvement of nutrient utilization [1,2] In both natural and artificial ecosystems, studies have proved that plants have strong selective effects on soil microbial communities, and the resulting interaction between plants and microorganisms directly affects plant nutrient absorption and soil nutrient cycling [3,4]. In the Chinese fir plantation area, the input of phosphate fertilizer is twice the actual absorption capacity of plants, but due to the fixed effect of phosphate fertilizer on the soil, the supply of available phosphorus nutrients in the soil is still insufficient [10]. With the widespread use of phosphate fertilizers and the reduction of phosphorus resource reserves, the cost of phosphate fertilizer production increases, and agricultural and forestry production will face huge challenges [13,14]
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