Abstract
Polystyrene Nanoparticles (PS-NPs) used for packaging foam, disposable cups, and food containers. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate PS- NPs toxic effects on kidney of adult male albino rats. A total of 30 rats divided into three groups (n = 10): group I negative control group; group II orally administered 3% PS-NPs (3 mg/kg body weight/day) and group III orally administered 3% PS-NPs (10 mg/kg body weight/day) for 35 days. Blood and kidney samples collected and processed for biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical examinations. Results showed that low and high doses PS-NPs had significantly increased serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, malondialdehyde, significantly further reduced glutathione, downregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 and glutathione peroxidase, upregulation of caspase-3 and Cytochrome-c. Histopathological examination revealed several alterations. Low dose of PS-NPs exhibited dilated glomerular capillaries, hypotrophy of some renal corpuscles significantly decreases their diameter to 62 μm. Some proximal convoluted tubules and distal convoluted tubules showed loss of cellular architecture with pyknotic nuclei. Hyalinization and vacuolation in renal medulla. In high dose PS-NPs, alterations increased in severity. A significant increase in percentage area of cyclooxygenase-2 in low and high-doses. In conclusion, PS-NPs are a nephrotoxic causing renal dysfunction.
Highlights
Plastic manufacturing has expanded over time (Li et al 2016)
PS microspheres and PS nanoemulsion thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) thermograms are shown in Fig. 1a and absorption peaks at 743 and 695 cm−1, which correlate to C-H out-of-plane bending vibration absorption, imply that the benzene ring contains only one substituent
Fluorescent PS-NPs were demonstrated to be ingested by rodents and limited in the kidney tissue (Walczak et al 2015a)
Summary
Plastic manufacturing has expanded over time (Li et al 2016). Their products have become appropriate and cheap and are applied every day on all aspects of life (Geyer et al 2017; Rhodes 2018). Cell and Tissue Research nanoplastics (NPs) (diameter, < 100 nm), which are produced through physical and biological degradation of microplastics by UV degradation (Yousif and Haddad 2013; Lambert and Wagner 2016).MPs/NPs are permanent in the environment (De Souza Machado et al 2018; De Sá et al 2018 and Alimba and Faggio 2019); they pretend critical health and ecological attention (Akdogan and Guven, 2019) They may play as vectors for chemical pollutants (Hartmann et al 2017; Caruso 2019) and pathogens (Sgier et al 2016; Wu et al 2019). They evoke immunological responses (Brandts et al 2018a; Revel et al 2018), induce neurotoxicity (Barboza et al 2018), stimulate genotoxicity (Brandts et al 2018b; Jiang et al 2019), and change the gene expression (Brandts et al 2018b; Liu et al 2019)aside from their reproductive and metabolic health effects (Rochman et al 2014; Sussarellu et al 2016)
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