Abstract
Extracts and compounds derived from marine organisms have reportedly shown some osteogenic potential. As such, these bioactives may aid in the treatment of musculoskeletal conditions such as osteoporosis; helping to address inefficacies with current treatment options. In this study, 72 fractions were tested for their in vitro osteogenic activity using a human foetal osteoblast (hFOB) cell line and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), focusing on their cytotoxic, proliferative and differentiation effects. Extracts dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and ethanol showed no significant osteogenic potential. However, two extracts derived from powder residues (left over from original organic extractions) caused a significant promotion of MSC differentiation. Bioactivity from powder residues derived from the epiphytic red algae Ceramium pallidum is described in detail to highlight its treatment potential. In vitro, C. pallidum was shown to promote MSC differentiation and extracellular matrix mineralisation. In vivo, this extract caused a significant increase in opercular bone growth of zebrafish larvae and a significant increase in bone density of regenerated adult caudal fins. Our findings therefore show the importance of continued screening efforts, particularly of novel extract sources, and the presence of bioactive compounds in C. pallidum extract.
Highlights
Both disability and mortality associated with osteoporosis are highly significant in developed countries; exceeding the disease burden of common neoplastic disorders in Europe, except for lung cancer [1]
In this study we aimed to address the limitations of current screening efforts by assessing osteogenic activity from extracts of Irish marine organisms
Sample sizes can be found in each figure legend. Screening detailed within this manuscript first focused on marine organism extract material dissolved in DMSO, before being expanded to include ethanol dissolved extracts and powder residues
Summary
Both disability and mortality associated with osteoporosis are highly significant in developed countries; exceeding the disease burden of common neoplastic disorders in Europe, except for lung cancer [1]. Marine organisms and bone healing support lab exchange work. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
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