Screening for Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence in College Women: Missed Opportunities

Abstract

BackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual violence (SV) are significant health issues for college women. Leading organizations and experts recommend screening for IPV/SV in health care settings, including college health centers. Given the prevalence and health risks associated with IPV/SV among college women, it is important to examine screening in this population. MethodsA cross-sectional, web-based survey was administered to college women at two universities in the northeastern United States. The survey consisted of demographic questions, assessment of experiences with IPV/SV (lifetime and past 6 months), use of health care services with either a college health center or an off-campus provider, and assessment of health care setting screening practices. ResultsThe sample included 615 college women (M = 21.5 years). Lifetime experiences of IPV/SV were reported by 222 women (36.1%). Approximately 8.1% of participants (n = 51) experienced IPV/SV in the past 6 months. Almost 63% (n = 238) reported not being asked about IPV/SV at their most recent off-campus health care visit. Nearly 90% (n = 237) reported not being asked about IPV/SV at their most recent visit to the college health center. ConclusionsParticipants reported high rates of IPV/SV and low rates of violence screening at college health centers and off-campus settings. Routine provider screening for IPV/SV in health care settings can identify women at risk and can lead to interventions that reduce subsequent violence and improve health outcomes and referrals. Theory-based, culture-specific, multilevel interventions are needed to promote IPV/SV screening among college health providers.