Abstract
Cognitive screening instruments are influenced by education and/or culture. In Brazil, as illiteracy and low education rates are high, it is necessary to identify the screening tools with the highest diagnostic accuracy for Alzheimer's disease (AD). To identify the cognitive screening instruments applied in the Brazilian population with greater accuracy, to detect AD in individuals with a low educational level or who are illiterate. Systematic search in SciELO, PubMed and LILACS databases of studies that used cognitive screening tests to detect AD in older Brazilian adults with low or no education. We found 328 articles and nine met the inclusion criteria. The identified instruments showed adequate or high diagnostic accuracy. For valid cognitive screening it is important to consider sociocultural and educational factors in the interpretation of results. The construction of specific instruments for the low educated or illiterate elderly should better reflect the difficulties of the Brazilian elderly in different regions of the country.
Highlights
ObjectivesTo evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the CDT to identify Alzheimer’s disease (AD).To examine whether the CAMCOG can be used as a screening test for AD in a sample including different levels of education.Evaluated the accuracy of Single screening tests as well as combined protocols including the MMSE, VF, CDT, and PFAQ to discriminate illiterate elderly with and without AD.To validate the Rowland Universal DementiaAssessment Scale for use in Brazil (RUDAS-BR)
Comparison of tests and new instruments were included in this review if the researchers answered “yes” to the following questions of our research protocol: Is the article about a screening instrument? Is the focus on a population with low education/illiteracy? Is the goal to detect Alzheimer’s disease? Was the study conducted in Brazil? Does the study include measures of sensitivity and specificity?
The articles were included if the focus of the study was exclusively cognitive screening instruments in low education/illiterate seniors for the detection of Alzheimer’s disease in Brazil
Summary
To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the CDT to identify AD.To examine whether the CAMCOG can be used as a screening test for AD in a sample including different levels of education.Evaluated the accuracy of Single screening tests as well as combined protocols including the MMSE, VF, CDT, and PFAQ to discriminate illiterate elderly with and without AD.To validate the Rowland Universal DementiaAssessment Scale for use in Brazil (RUDAS-BR). To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the CDT to identify AD. To examine whether the CAMCOG can be used as a screening test for AD in a sample including different levels of education. Evaluated the accuracy of Single screening tests as well as combined protocols including the MMSE, VF, CDT, and PFAQ to discriminate illiterate elderly with and without AD. Assessment Scale for use in Brazil (RUDAS-BR). 121 patients AD, education 1-4 years 64.5%; 5-8 years 11.6% and >8 years 24%. 90 elderly controls, education 1-4 years 40.4%, 5-8 years 26.3% and < 8 years 33.3%. The CDT is used for visuospatial, visuoconstructive, executive function evaluation and it consists of drawing a circle, distributing the numbers inside and allocating the hands of the clock at
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