Screening examination of the cervical spine in patients with Down syndrome

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Among all the variety of orthopedic pathologies typical for patients with Down syndrome, pathology of the cervical spine, in our opinion, is the most important. Various types of atlantoaxial dislocations can cause significant neurological deficits and decrease patients quality of life.
 OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of screening examination of patients with Down syndrome for the presence of cervical spine pathology.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: As part of the screening examination, functional radiographs of the cervical spine in the lateral projection of 60 patients with Down syndrome were evaluated. Priorov NMIC will operate from May 2021 to January 2023.
 RESULTS: Nine of the 60 patients tested exhibited craniovertebral pathology. Three patients have Os odontoideum of the C2 vertebra. In five patients, different types of rotational atlantoaxial displacements were found, and one patient had hypoplasia of the occipital condyles associated with basilar invagination of the C2 vertebral dentition.
 CONCLUSION: The instability of the upper cervical spine is potentially the most dangerous manifestation of orthopedic pathology in Down syndrome. A screening examination with functional cervical spine lateral projection radiographs is recommended for this group of patients.