Abstract
Objectives: Infectious diseases caused by bacteria are a leading cause of death worldwide. Hence, the objectives of the study are aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity against five human pathogenic bacteria of methanolic extracts from 66 plants collected from Vietnam.
 Methods: The broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of methanol extracts of 66 plant species against five bacterial strains.
 Results: In this study, all the plant extracts were active against at least one train with MIC values ranging from 24 to 2048 μg/mL. Twenty-five plant extracts were active against all three Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus). Of these, the extracts of Macaranga trichocarpa (Rchb. f. and Zoll.) Mull. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae), Calophyllum inophyllum L. (Clusiaceae) and Caryodaphnopsis baviensis (Lecomte) Airy Shaw (Lauraceae) exhibited the highest antibacterial activity (MIC =24–128 μg/mL), followed by extracts of Betula alnoides Buch.- Ham. e × . D. Don (Betulaceae), Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq. (Rutaceae), Croton alpinus A. Chev. ex Gagnep. (Euphorbiaceae) (MIC =64–256 μg/mL). Furthermore, the extract of Rhus chinensis Mill. (Anacardiaceae) and Annona reticulata L. (Annonaceae) exhibited potent antibacterial activity against the two Bacillus species (MIC =32–64 μg/mL).
 Conclusion: Results of this study reveal that plant extracts from Vietnam have highly antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. These results suggest that Vietnamese plant extracts may be a rich source of antibacterial drugs.
Highlights
Infectious diseases remain a major health concern, being the second leading cause of death worldwide, and remain a dominant feature of domestic and international public health considerations in the 21st century [1,2]
A total of 68 plant extracts were evaluated for antibacterial activity against five human pathogenic bacteria using the broth microdilution method
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of antibacterial activity of C. alpinus
Summary
Infectious diseases remain a major health concern, being the second leading cause of death worldwide, and remain a dominant feature of domestic and international public health considerations in the 21st century [1,2]. Antibiotics have proven to be powerful drugs for control of infectious diseases and remain one of the most important discoveries in modern medicine [4]. The world is facing the widespread emergence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics [2]. Antibiotic resistance has been recognized by the World Health Organization as the greatest threat in the treatment of infectious diseases [4]. The development of new antibacterial agents that suppress bacterial resistance mechanisms is necessary. Mainstream medicine is increasingly receptive to the use of antimicrobial and other drugs derived from plants as traditional antibiotics [5]. Higher plant-derived products represent ~25% of drugs in current clinical use [4]
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