Abstract
Xylanases are mostly produced through submerged fermentation; nonetheless solid-state fermentation has increased profound attention and consideration of scholars having high conversion level biomass to energy conservation. This study depicted the purification of xylanases and their possible utilization in industry. The present study was carried out to examine the culture influence of fungal strain Fomes fomentarius (F. fomentarius) using different agro-industrial residues (wheat straw, rice husk, sugarcane bagasse and siris pods). F. fomentarius showed maximum enzyme production after 72 h of fermentation, when grown on wheat straw in solid state fermentation process while maximum activity showed on pH 6.0 at 30°C. The other parameters optimized by statistical design (RSM) showed maximum xylanase activity (146 ± 8 IU/mL) at 65% moisture content, 4 mL inoculums size, 175 mg Ammonium sulphate, 200 mg Calcium carbonate and 1.4 grams of glucose. Xylanase was salted out at 60% ammonium sulphate concentration and enzyme was further purified by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography with 2.2 fold increase in activity. The purified xylanase from F. fomentarius had optimum pH 6.0 and 40°C. Xylanase showed higher specificity for oat spelt xylan with kinetic constants Km 1.25 mg/mL and Vmax 54 mM/min. Xylanases have an industrial important enzyme used extensively in food, feed and paper industry.
Highlights
Lignocellulosic material is one of the most abundant bio-polymer in nature and it has three major constituents; one of them is the hemicelluloses and remaining two are cellulose and lignin [1]
The present study was designed to investigate the impact of microbial enzymes for the production of bioethanol by enzymatic scharification of β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase and xylanase which are produced from F. fomentarius and culture conditions were optimized by Response Surface Methodology
Optimization of Xylanase through RSM After selection of optimum time period, temperature and pH five parameters; inoculums size (2 - 6 mL), moisture content (50% - 80%), Ammonium sulphate level (50 - 300 mg), Calcium carbonate (50 - 200 mg) and glucose level (0.5 - 2 g) were optimized by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Summary
Lignocellulosic material is one of the most abundant bio-polymer in nature and it has three major constituents; one of them is the hemicelluloses and remaining two are cellulose and lignin [1]. Xylan is the most abundant hemicellulosic biopolymer and it’s constituent about 25% - 35% of dry biomass of woody and non woody tissues in different dicots and monocots respectively. Xylanases are normally produced using submerged fermentation, but solid-state fermentation has gained deep interest and attention of researchers due to its high percentage conversion rate biomass to energy conservation, agro-industrial waste treatment and in production of secondary metabolites [4]. Enzymes production using agro-industrial waste as substrates under SSF conditions have provided quite a lot of advantages in productivity, cost-effectiveness, time and medium components. In addition to these advantages, it has given some environmental advantages such as less effluents production and waste minimization [5] [6]. The present study was designed to investigate the impact of microbial enzymes for the production of bioethanol by enzymatic scharification of β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase and xylanase which are produced from F. fomentarius and culture conditions were optimized by Response Surface Methodology
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