Abstract
BackgroundGinkgo biloba, a typical dioecious plant, is a traditional medicinal plant widely planted. However, it has a long juvenile period, which severely affected the breeding and cultivation of superior ginkgo varieties.ResultsIn order to clarify the complex mechanism of sexual differentiation in G. biloba strobili. Here, a total of 3293 miRNAs were identified in buds and strobili of G. biloba, including 1085 known miRNAs and 2208 novel miRNAs using the three sequencing approaches of transcriptome, small RNA, and degradome. Comparative transcriptome analysis screened 4346 and 7087 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in male buds (MB) _vs_ female buds (FB) and microstrobilus (MS) _vs_ ovulate strobilus (OS), respectively. A total of 6032 target genes were predicted for differentially expressed miRNA. The combined analysis of both small RNA and transcriptome datasets identified 51 miRNA-mRNA interaction pairs that may be involved in the process of G. biloba strobili sexual differentiation, of which 15 pairs were verified in the analysis of degradome sequencing.ConclusionsThe comprehensive analysis of the small RNA, RNA and degradome sequencing data in this study provided candidate genes and clarified the regulatory mechanism of sexual differentiation of G. biloba strobili from multiple perspectives.
Highlights
Ginkgo biloba, a typical dioecious plant, is a traditional medicinal plant widely planted
Female flower buds are mainly surrounded by thick bud scales until mid-late March, when bud scales began to unfold afterwards
The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that ovules differentiated into many structures, including the micropyle, micropylar canal and pollen chamber before pollination (Fig. 1i-m)
Summary
A typical dioecious plant, is a traditional medicinal plant widely planted. It has a long juvenile period, which severely affected the breeding and cultivation of superior ginkgo varieties. Liu et al BMC Plant Biology (2020) 20:387 long juvenile period and takes almost 30 years to blossom from seedling, which severely affected the breeding and cultivation of superior ginkgo varieties [4, 5]. The physiological and molecular mechanism of sexual differentiation and determination of plants have been extensively studied for many years. Dioecious plants are important materials for studying plant sexual determination and differentiation processes. Several genes involved in the process of plant sexual determination have been discovered and identified from dioecious species. Development of unisexual male flowers of Cucumis melo results from the expression of the sex determination gene, CmWIP1, which interacts with CmbZIP48 to inhibit carpel development [11]
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