Abstract
Lignin, which is a component of wood, is difficult to degrade in nature. However, serious decay caused by microbial consortia can happen to wooden antiques during the preservation process. This study successfully screened four microbial consortia with lignin degradation capabilities (J-1, J-6, J-8 and J-15) from decayed wooden antiques. Their compositions were identified by genomic sequencing, while the degradation products were analyzed by GC-MS. The lignin degradation efficiency of J-6 reached 54% after 48 h with an initial lignin concentration of 0.5 g/L at pH 4 and rotation speed of 200 rpm. The fungal consortium of J-6 contained Saccharomycetales (98.92%) and Ascomycota (0.56%), which accounted for 31% of the total biomass. The main bacteria in J-6 were Shinella sp. (47.38%), Cupriavidus sp. (29.84%), and Bosea sp. (7.96%). The strongest degradation performance of J-6 corresponded to its composition, where Saccharomycetales likely adapted to the system and improved lignin degradation enzymes activities, and the abundant bacterial consortium accelerated lignin decomposition. Our work demonstrated the potential utilization of microbial consortia via the synergy of microbial consortia, which may overcome the shortcomings of traditional lignin biodegradation when using a single strain, and the potential use of J-6 for lignin degradation/removal applications.
Highlights
Published: 12 May 2021Lignin, which is an aromatic heteropolymer that accounts for 15–30% of lignocellulosic biomass, is the most abundant source of renewable aromatic carbon in nature [1]
The results showed that the lignin degradation efficiencies of all microbial consortia reached 45% at 200 rpm on the 6th day
The microbial consortia used in this study can produce three kinds of enzymes at the same time, with the highest activity of lignin peroxidase (LiP) reaching 691.9 ± 71.1 U/L (J-6 on the 6th day). These results proved that lignin degradation by microbial consortia was superior to that by a single microorganism
Summary
Published: 12 May 2021Lignin, which is an aromatic heteropolymer that accounts for 15–30% of lignocellulosic biomass, is the most abundant source of renewable aromatic carbon in nature [1]. It is a recalcitrant compound due to its high molecular weight, structural complexity, and relative insolubility It can result in many adverse environmental consequences [3,4]. Chinese medicine businesses) has led to serious water pollution [5,6,7] Agricultural wastes such as straw contain stable lignin, which limits the further application of cellulose and hemicellulose [4]. These biomass resources are often burned by farmers in China, which causes serious air pollution (SO2 , NO2 , CO2 , and CO) in autumn and winter and affects human health [8]. Its degradation can improve the pretreatment efficiency of lignocellulose biomass, which results in the effective separation of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin and a mild conversion of biomass to bioenergy as well as other valuable products [3,10]
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