Screening and Characterization of Sponge-Associated Bacteria Producing Bioactive Compounds Anti-Vibrio sp.

Aris Tri Wahyudi,Rika Indri Astuti,Wenang Maharsiwi,Jepri Agung Priyanto

doi:10.3844/ajbbsp.2018.221.229

Abstract

In Indonesia, vibriosis is the main disease in shrimp. This disease is caused by Vibrio sp that may decrease the productivity of shrimp cultivation. Thus, exploration for new bioactive compounds as vibriosis biocontrol agent is necessary. Marine sponge-associated bacteria is one of many sources for bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to screen marine sponge-associated bacteria producing anti-Vibrio sp’s bioactive compounds. Total 12 bacterial isolates (15%) of 80 isolates was isolated from marine sponges Hyrtios sp, Verongula sp. and Smenospongia sp. had anti-Vibrio sp activity in different spectra. The hemolytic assay showed that these 12 bacteria were not pathogen. Interestingly, 3 out of 4 potential isolates with the best anti-Vibrio activity have been confirmed to have genes involved in the synthesis of bioactive compounds, mainly Polyketide Synthase (PKS) and Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthetase (NRPS) based on the occurrence of Ketosynthase (KS) and Adenilase (A) domain, respectively. Based on 16S rRNA gene, those four isolates were highly homolog to the Bacillus sp in different species and strains. Isolate coded as P2.24 was the only bacterium that had the widest spectrum of anti-Vibrio bioactive compounds against three Vibrio sp used i.e., Vibrio harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus. Consistently, an anti- Vibrio sp. activity of the P2.24 was also shown by antagonism assay using culture, supernatant and crude extract of the isolate. Our study indicates this bacterial isolate potentially to be further exploited for controlling vibriosis biologically and important for elucidation of bioactive compounds synthesized by this bacterium.

Highlights

Vibrio sp. can cause vibriosis that is a common disease in marine aquaculture around the world
Nine bacterial isolates were obtained from sponge Hyrtios sp., 20 bacteria isolated from Smenospongia sp. and 51 bacteria isolated from Verongula sp
Of 80 bacterial isolates, 12 isolates (15%) were able to inhibit Vibrio’s growth indicated by clear zone formation around the bacterial colonies (Table 1)

Summary

Introduction

Vibrio sp. can cause vibriosis that is a common disease in marine aquaculture around the world. Can cause vibriosis that is a common disease in marine aquaculture around the world. These bacteria can infect shrimp and result in mass death. One of the aquaculture animals that is often infected by Vibrio sp. Vibriosis affects shrimp in all stadia, including larvae, protozoea and post larvae and causes deaths of 80-85% of the total population (Chatterjee and Haldar, 2012; Aguirre-Guzman et al, 2013). The application of antibiotics for vibriosis treatment is able to reduce the impact, but its use in the long term still remain negative impacts on the environment, including resistance case and accumulation of antibiotic residues on cultivated products. The discovery of new bioactive compounds as vibriosis biocontrol agent that more effective and environmental friendly is necessary

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