Abstract
Ganoderma triterpenes (GTs) are the major secondary metabolites of Ganoderma lucidum, which is a popularly used traditional Chinese medicine for complementary cancer therapy. The present study was to establish a fingerprint evaluation system based on Similarity Analysis (SA), Cluster Analysis (CA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the identification and quality control of G. lucidum. Fifteen samples from the Chinese provinces of Hainan, Neimeng, Shangdong, Jilin, Anhui, Henan, Yunnan, Guangxi and Fujian were analyzed by HPLC-PAD and HPLC-MSn. Forty-seven compounds were detected by HPLC, of which forty-two compounds were tentatively identified by comparing their retention times and mass spectrometry data with that of reference compounds and reviewing the literature. Ganoderic acid B, 3,7,15-trihydroxy-11,23-dioxolanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid, lucidenic acid A, ganoderic acid G, and 3,7-oxo-12-acetylganoderic acid DM were deemed to be the marker compounds to distinguish the samples with different quality according to both CA and PCA. This study provides helpful chemical information for further research on the anti-tumor activity and mechanism of action of G. lucidum. The results proved that fingerprints combined with chemometrics are a simple, rapid and effective method for the quality control of G. lucidum.
Highlights
Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karstis is one of the most highly used medicinal fungi in the world
Yang [26] focused on chemical identification of the Ganoderma triterpenes (GTs), and identified thirty-two compounds, but no marker compounds were found from cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA)
This indicated that these compounds could be be due to the good quality of G. lucidum herb
Summary
Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karstis is one of the most highly used medicinal fungi in the world. The therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are based on the complex interactions of numerous complicated chemical constituents as a whole system, so methods are needed in order to control the quality of this complex system. In this case, HPLC fingerprints of key components provide a new approach for quality control of traditional Chinese medicines. Some studies on the fingerprints of G. lucidum have been reported [22,23,24,25], but in these studies, only a few compounds were identified by HPLC-MSn. Yang [26] focused on chemical identification of the GTs, and identified thirty-two compounds, but no marker compounds were found from cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). This study provides helpful chemical information for further research on the anti-tumor activity and mechanism of action of G. lucidum
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