Screen-based sedentary behaviour and adiposity among school children: Results from International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE) - Kenya.

Lucy-Joy M Wachira,Mark S Tremblay,Vincent O Onywera,Sophie A Ochola,Stella K Muthuri,Diana M Thomas

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0199790

Abstract

BackgroundHigh levels of sedentary behaviours have been independently associated with several negative health indicators, including obesity. Screen time (ST) is often used as a contributing measure of sedentary time. It is recommended that children spend no more than 2 hours on recreational sedentary screen-based activities daily. We describe screen-based sedentary time of urban school children and examine the associations between body mass index (BMI) and percent Body Fat (%BF) with ST levels.MethodsData were collected from 563 children aged 9 to 11 years attending 29 non-boarding primary schools in Nairobi, Kenya, as part of the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE). Data were analysed to test for associations between ST and sex, type of school attended (public verses private), Socioeconomic status, adiposity, and access to electronic devices. We also assessed participants’ ST on school and weekend days.ResultsOf the participants recruited, 15.5% had high ST levels, 67.9% spent no more than 2 hours in recreational screen activities on school days while 74.2% did not meet the guidelines on weekend days. Participants sex was associated with daily ST (t = 3.5, p<0.001), ST on the weekend (t = 3.9, p <0.001) and total ST per week (t = 3.5, p<0.001) with males having higher ST than females. ST was associated with type of school for daily ST (t = 3.6, p <0.001), ST on the weekend (t = 4.5, p<0.001) and total ST per week (t = 3.6, p<0.001) where private schools pupils had higher ST. ST was not associated with BMI. ST was not associated with %BF except on weekend days (p = 0.038) where those classified as overfat/obese (fat) had higher ST.ConclusionsA large proportion of children spend more time than recommended on screen activities particularly on weekend days. Strategies to improve healthy living should focus on the reduction of sedentary ST for school-aged children.

Highlights

Public health agencies globally are giving more attention to the increasing evidence that supports sedentary behaviour as a distinct health concern, in addition to getting populations to meet physical activity (PA) recommendations [1]
Screen time (ST) was not associated with %BF except on weekend days (p = 0.038) where those classified as overfat/ obese had higher ST
Strategies to improve healthy living should focus on the reduction of sedentary ST for school-aged children

Summary

Introduction

Public health agencies globally are giving more attention to the increasing evidence that supports sedentary behaviour as a distinct health concern, in addition to getting populations to meet physical activity (PA) recommendations [1]. Evidence suggests that the amount of time one spends in sedentary behaviour is associated with elevated health risk, independent of level of PA [6]. One important factor in exploring sedentary lifestyles in children is determining the time they spend engaging in screen-based activities such as watching television, playing video games and operating a computer [8], collectively referred to as screen time (ST) [3, 9]. High levels of sedentary behaviours have been independently associated with several negative health indicators, including obesity. It is recommended that children spend no more than 2 hours on recreational sedentary screen-based activities daily. We describe screen-based sedentary time of urban school children and examine the associations between body mass index (BMI) and percent Body Fat (%BF) with ST levels

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Conclusion