Abstract
The quality and safety of agricultural products are threatened by heavy metal ions in soil, which can be absorbed by the crops, and then accumulated in the human body through the food chain. In this paper, we report a low-cost and easy-to-use screen-printed electrode (SPE) for cadmium ion (Cd(II)) detection based on differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), which decorated with ionic liquid (IL), magnetite nanoparticle (Fe3O4), and deposited a bismuth film (Bi). The characteristics of Bi/Fe3O4/ILSPE were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy, and linear sweep voltammetry. We found that the sensitivity of SPE was improved dramatically after functionalized with Bi/Fe3O4/IL. Under optimized conditions, the concentrations of Cd(II) are linear with current responses in a range from 0.5 to 40 µg/L with the lowest detection limit of 0.05 µg/L (S/N = 3). Additionally, the internal standard normalization (ISN) was used to process the response signals of Bi/Fe3O4/ILSPE and established a new linear equation. For detecting three different Cd(II) concentrations, the root-mean-square error using ISN (0.25) is lower than linear method (0.36). Finally, the proposed electrode was applied to trace Cd(II) in soil samples with the recovery in the range from 91.77 to 107.83%.
Highlights
Rice is one of the most popular staple food for large parts of Asia, especially in the south of China [1]
It used a mixed solution of Fe3 O4 and CHT to coat on the ion liquid based screen-printed electrode (SPE) (ILSPE), and deposited a bismuth film (Bi) in situ
All results indicated that the present Bi/Fe3 O4 /ILSPE electrode could be used for the accurate detection of Cd(II) in soil samples
Summary
Rice is one of the most popular staple food for large parts of Asia, especially in the south of China [1]. Compared to approaches mentioned above, the electrochemical method owns some unique merits such as relative portability, inexpensive instrumentation and real analysis [21]. It has been recognized as an effective way for heavy metal ions determination. CHT has been widely employed in the construction of electrochemical sensors and biosensors to improve performances It can adsorb metal ions and various organic compounds at the same time. Easy to use and sensitive electrode, we have developed a new electrode It used a mixed solution of Fe3 O4 and CHT to coat on the ion liquid based SPE (ILSPE), and deposited a bismuth film (Bi) in situ. A new electroanalytical electrode for Cd(II) determination in soil was created
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