Abstract
Cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) films were deposited on the surface of a screen-printed carbon electrode using a simple drop coating method. The cyclic voltammogram of the resulting CoPc modified screen-printed electrode (CoPc/SPE) prepared under optimum conditions shows a well-behaved redox couple due to the (CoI/CoII) system. The CoPc/SPE surface demonstrates excellent electrochemical activity towards the oxidation of sulfur in a 0.01 mol·L−1 NaOH. A linear calibration curve with the detection limit (DL, S/N = 3) of 0.325 mg·L−1 was achieved by CoPc/SPE coupled with flow injection analysis of the sulfur concentration ranging from 4 to 1120 mg·L−1. The precision of the system response was evaluated (3.60% and 3.52% RSD for 12 repeated injections), in the range of 64 and 480 mg·L−1 sulfur. The applicability of the method was successfully demonstrated in a real sample analysis of sulfur in anti-acne creams, and good recovery was obtained. The CoPc/SPE displayed several advantages in sulfur determination including easy fabrication, high stability, and low cost.
Highlights
Sulfur is a naturally occurring element and significant for chemical, biological, and industrial applications
This study used disposable screen- printed electrodes (SPE) modified with CoPc, which successfully demonstrated a selective determination of sulfur in cosmetic products without any pretreatment processes using flow injection analysis (FIA)
NaOH solution, the cyclic voltammetric response of bare SPE was featureless (Figure 1a), while in the presence of a CoPc modified SPE, a reproducible and well defined faradic response to sulfur was obtained at Epa −0.30 V and Epc −0.27 V (Figure 1b) in the potential range of −0.2 V to
Summary
Sulfur is a naturally occurring element and significant for chemical, biological, and industrial applications. Numerous analytical methods such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [4,5], inductively coupled plasma (ICP) techniques [6,7,8], polarography [9,10], X-ray fluorescence [11] and gas chromatography (GC) [12,13,14] are available for measuring sulfur levels, but not in cosmetic products These techniques are accurate, fast, and sensitive, they are expensive and offer poor sulfur selectivity and sensitivity due to their complex sample preparation steps. Disposable screen- printed electrodes (SPE) modified with CoPc, (designated as CoPc/SPE) which successfully demonstrated a selective determination of sulfur in cosmetic products without any pretreatment processes using flow injection analysis (FIA)
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