Abstract
The author sketches the development of Scottish educational principles and ideals from the ‘Book of Discipline’ at the Reformation in 1560 to the Education Act of 1872 and beyond. Religious, and also social, cohesiveness helped to frame a structured educational system intended to be open to all, from a national provision of parish schools to the five post‐Reformation universities. Learning and moral principle were seen as closely intertwined with community rights and responsibilities, all guided by a strong sense of the common good. In general, education was seen as a national and community responsibility, and historically it was characterised by cooperation rather than by competition. The role of education in promoting a better society, until the later 19th century, was nourished by religious faith in alliance with government; thereafter ‘Idealist’ reformers played a leading part in emphasising the role of the state as against that of the church. These ‘Idealists’, however, shared with their 16th‐century...
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