Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is an important issue affecting humans and livestock. Antimicrobial peptides are promising alternatives to antibiotics. In this study, the antimicrobial peptide Css54, isolated from the venom of C. suffuses, was found to exhibit antimicrobial activity against bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus suis, Campylobacter jejuni, and Salmonella typhimurium that cause zoonotic diseases. Moreover, the cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity of Css54 was lower than that of melittin isolated from bee venom. Circular dichroism assays showed that Css54 has an α-helix structure in an environment mimicking that of bacterial cell membranes. We examined the effect of Css54 on bacterial membranes using N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, 3,3′-dipropylthiadicarbbocyanine iodides, SYTOX green, and propidium iodide. Our findings suggest that the Css54 peptide kills bacteria by disrupting the bacterial membrane. Moreover, Css54 exhibited antibiofilm activity against L. monocytogenes. Thus, Css54 may be useful as an alternative to antibiotics in humans and animal husbandry.
Highlights
The development and emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria are a serious crisis for humans and livestock worldwide [1]
We used melittin isolated from bee venom as a control, which is known as a lytic peptide with strong antibacterial activity and used in various antibiotics for animals
We examined the antimicrobial activity of Css54 against bacteria on the zoonosis announced by the World Health Organization (WHO); S. suis is a zoonotic pathogen that is related to swine infection [38]
Summary
The development and emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria are a serious crisis for humans and livestock worldwide [1]. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria used in animal husbandry spread to humans in various ways, such as through food, contaminated water, and soil [5] Zoonotic diseases are those transferred from animals to infect humans, threatening the life and health of people worldwide [6]. Salmonella typhimurium causes gastrointestinal diseases associated with morbidity and mortality rates This bacterium negatively affects animal husbandry because it infects young animals, resulting in sepsis, vomiting, fever, and abortion. Many antibiotics are added to animal feed of animals used for food to prevent zoonotic diseases This has increased the antibiotic resistance of bacteria and become a global issue [10]. Css is tested for its antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes, S. typhimurium, Streptococcus suis, and Campylobacter jejuni, which cause zoonotic disease. Our findings show that Css can be used as an alternative to antibiotics to treat bacterial zoonosis
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