Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a major threatening infectious disease claiming millions of lives every year; hence increasing the global burden of TB disease. Co-infection with human immuno-deficiency virus and emergence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, extremely drug resistant tuberculosis and totally drug resistant tuberculosis enhances deadly effect of tuberculosis. To eliminate TB disease from human population several partnerships are working together like Stop TB Partnership, TB Alliance, Tuberculosis vaccine initiative, Global Alliance for TB Drug Development and many other partners. Till now almost 10 drugs and 11 vaccines are under various clinical trials. Anti-Tuberculosis drugs like bedaquiline and clofazimine are being developed for treatment of tuberculosis as well as for treating MDR-TB, XDR-TB and TDR-TB but till now, no drugs are available for treatment of TDR-TB. PA-824 and SQ-109 showed their potent activity against tuberculosis and thought to reduce the treatment duration in infected patients. Several vaccines are also being developed for enhancing the effect of Bacillus-Calmette-Guerin as well for replacing it. New anti-tuberculosis drugs offer hopes of shortened treatment regimens for drug susceptible, drug resistant and latent infection. The quest for better vaccines for controlling tuberculosis among human population in future continues.
Highlights
Tuberculosis is a common, contagious infectious disease and is a major cause of deaths worldwide
These include the drugs for treating Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB), XDR-TB and Totally Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (TDR-TB) patients as well as patients having Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus (HIV) co-infection
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis was described for the TB strains that are resistant to all first line and second line drugs
Summary
Tuberculosis is a common, contagious infectious disease and is a major cause of deaths worldwide. At least 10 chemical compounds are in various stages of clinical trials for TB treatment These include the drugs for treating MDR-TB, XDR-TB and TDR-TB patients as well as patients having HIV co-infection. Sirturo is an anti-TB drug developed by Janssen pharmaceutical, has got approval in December, 2012 as MDR-TB drug. Another drug Delamanid is a potential drug for treating drug resistant as well as drug susceptible TB. For the prevention of this highly infectious disease many vaccines are being developed. MVA85A is an attenuated vaccinia-vectored vaccine candidate designed for various human groups It is in advanced clinical testing among all existing vaccine candidates and showed appreciable results in adults but had failed in case of infants. VPM-1002, RUTI, Hyvac-4, ID93 are some of the promising vaccines underdevelopment against TB (WHO, 2012)
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