Abstract
Scoliosis is a curvature in the frontal plane of the spine (Fig. 1). The associated spinal rotation causes a hump on the child’s back or a prominence of one hip. The deformity of the trunk, which is threedimensional, develops usually from unknown cause and almost exclusively in children (idiopathic infantile, juvenile and adolescent scoliosis). A child may develop a scoliosis because of a congenital defect in the spine (congenital scoliosis) or from disorder of the nervous system, muscles, ligaments or bones (secondary scoliosis). In Britain, we now separate early onset from late onset idiopathic scoliosis by the child’s fifth birthday. This is mainly because young scoliotics are more vulnerable to abnormal lung development and eventual cardiorespiratory failure.3
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